تجميع اسئلة مهمة في الفارما ( تجميع medad team)

هنحاول نجمع اسئلة مهمة هنا فى التوبيك دة
وهتكون متجاوبة من دكاترة القسم اللى كلنا بنحترمهم وبنقدرهم


تابعوناااا






الاسئلة دى من صفحة قسم الفارما على الفيس
وشكر لدكاترة القسم

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Q
Can you explain plz this sentence " propranolol is used in Fallot`s Tetralogy cynotic spells ?
A
this is a sudden onset, progressive event seen in infants with Tetralogy of Fallots. It is associated with progressive

cyanosis, hyperpnea (increased rate and depth of breathing) and disappearance of heart murmur. If not treated in time

it may ultimately lead to DEATH - In a typical case of Tetralogy of Fallot the pressures in the right ventricle and left

ventricle are equal.if the pulmonary stenosis is severe then the right ventricular after load becomes high and hence

the right ventricular pressures become high. If the systemic vascular resistance is low (which is usually the case in TOF

with cyanotic spells) then the shunt flow becomes right to left. This results in progressive cyanosis. Propanolol reduces

dynamic RV outflow obstruction.Slight ↑ in SVR. Blocks hyperpnea response.

ther important measures: Knee chest position and Phenylephrine to increase systemic vascular resistance SVR –

Q

how prazosin cause fluid retention?
A

Prazocin

The fall in blood pressure is opposed by baroreceptor reflexes causing fluid retention – decrease blood

supply to the kidneys will stimulate the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAA) causing more fluid

retention. See figure




َََََََََQ
what is meaning of prokinetic effect???????

A

increase Upper GIT Motility without evacuation


Q

why Isoxsuprine produces skeletal muscle V.D.( X) while Isoxsuprine produces smooth muscle V.D. (√).
why Propranolol treats angina by producing coronary VD. (X).
what is Direct α-2 agonist &Indirect α-2 agonist.



A


Isoxsuprine produces relaxation of skeletal muscle. X
Isoxsuprine produces smooth muscle relaxation. √
Isoxsuprine produces VD. √
Isoxsuprine produces relaxation of skeletal muscle. X

Methyl dopa competes with dopa leading to

formation of methyl noradrenaline, acting as a ‘False transmitter’. Methyl NA stimulates alpha 2 receptors

in brain stem, so methyldopa is not a direct stimulant of alpha 2 receptors.



Q
what's 5-HT receptor and why ergot don't block alpha receptor in blood vessels?

A
‎5-HT is an abbreviation of 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine which is SEROTONIN. Ergot alkaloids are PARTIAL AGONISTS on alpha receptors.
if noradrenaline is given after phentolamine it will not elevate blood pressure and accordingly there will be no reflex bradycardia.


َQ

In page 77 in the staff book, Phentloamine has Histamine like action
and Phenoxybenzamine has anti-Histaminic action. how is this possible although both drugs are non-selective
alpha blockers?


A

Phentolamine has histamine-like action because it is chemically related to histamine (contains imidazoline ring) and can stimulate histamine receptors, whereas phenoxybenzamine is not chemically related to histamine and it acts by blocking many receptors in addition to alpha receptors, including H1 receptors (antihistaminic action).


َQ

ايه هى

maximum dose of atropin

اللى ممكن تعالج ال OPC

without atropin toxicity

???
A
initial bolus of 3-5 ampoules of atropin ",6 mg " & doses doupled every 5 minutes untill atropinization happened



Q

What(CTZ,PVD,tobacco amblyobia )mean????
A
tobacco amblyopia: a rare complication of tobacco smoking leading to optic neuropathy which causes decrease in the field of vision or even blindness. some cases can be treated by stopping smoking, vitamin B12, and hydroxycobalamin.


Q

alpha blockers blocks the reflex bradycardia induced by nor adrenaline true
A
reflex bradycardia occurs as follows:1-Stimulation of alpha 1 receptors on arterioles leads to vasoconstriction and elevation of blood pressure. 2-Baroreceptors are stimulated by the high blood pressure and send impulses to stimulate the vagal center in the medulla(cardiac inhibitory center= CIC) which increases the vagal tone to the heart.You know that the preganglionic nerve releases acetylcholine which stimulates Nn receptors in the parasympathetic ganglia, then the postganglionic nerve releases acetylcholine which in turn stimulates M2 receptors on the SA node leading to bradycardia. In conclusion: reflex bradycardia is mediated by stimulation of 3 receptors:Alpha1-Nn-M2..and if any of these receptors is blocked the reflex will not occur.


Q
why Prazosin produces an initial hypertensive effect. X
A
prazocin is an alpha 1 blocker and direct vasodilator, so it produces hypotension not hypertension